Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Rape Shield Laws and Kobe Bryant Case essays

Rape Shield Laws and Kobe Bryant Case essays Colorado Rape Shield Laws and the Kobe Bryant Case Laws in forty-nine states limit the use of a victim's prior sexual history as an attempt to undermine the credibility of the victim=s testimony. Arizona is the only state that does not have these laws in place, which are referred to as rape shield laws. One state that has been surrounded by much controversy as of late is the state of Colorado with the notorious Kobe Bryant case. It was not until the 1970's that most states enacted the Rape Shield Law to ease the emotional burden of rape victims who testified in court. ALate in 1978, the United States Congress followed this trend and enacted Rule 412 of the Federal Rules of Evidence@ (Womens Issues). Rule 412 states that evidence used to prove the victim engaged in other sexual behavior, or evidence to prove any victim=s past sexual history, is generally inadmissible in any civil or criminal trials involving alleged sexual misconduct. This law may or may not be a good thing. If a lawyer tries to question victims about their sexual past, it will tend to humiliate them and make them want to drop the charges. If the victims know that they are going to be questioned about the number of people they have had sex with, how often they have sex, or what their preferences are, most people would not feel comfortable answering the questions, especially with family and friends in the courtroom supporting them. The defending attorney knows and loves this fact. If victims are humiliated and drop the charges, it is a win for the defense. On the other hand, it has been almost thirty years since the law was introduced. A lot has changed in those thirty years. People are a lot more open about sex and their sexual views. ADue to this and the increasing awareness of rape, there are some people who believe that the Rape Shield Law is no longer necessary and should be repealed. Some of these people believe that the rape shield law ...

Saturday, November 23, 2019

How Physics Works and Why You We Study It

How Physics Works and Why You We Study It Physics is the scientific study of matter and energy and how they interact with each other.  This energy can take the form of motion, light, electricity, radiation, gravity - just about anything, honestly. Physics deals with matter on scales ranging from sub-atomic particles (i.e. the particles that make up the atom and the particles that make up those particles) to stars and even entire galaxies. How Physics Works As an experimental science, physics utilizes the scientific method to formulate and test hypotheses that are based on observation of the natural world. The goal of physics is to use the results of these experiments to formulate scientific laws, usually expressed in the language of mathematics, which can then be used to predict other phenomena. When you talk about theoretical physics, you are speaking of the area of physics that is focused on developing these laws and using them to extrapolate into new predictions. These predictions from theoretical physicists then create new questions that experimental physicists then develop experiments to test. In this way, the theoretical and experimental components of physics (and science in general) interact with each other and push each other forward to develop new areas of knowledge. The Role of Physics in Other Fields of Science In a broader sense, physics can be seen as the most fundamental of the natural sciences. Chemistry, for example, can be viewed as a complex application of physics, as it focuses on the interaction of energy and matter in chemical systems. We also know that biology is, at its heart, an application of chemical properties in living things, which means that it is also, ultimately, ruled by the physical laws. Of course, we dont think of these other fields as part of physics. When we investigate something scientifically, we look for patterns at the scale that is most appropriate. Though every living thing is acting in a way that is fundamentally driven by the particles of which it is composed, trying to explain an entire ecosystem in terms of the behavior of fundamental particles would be diving into an unhelpful level of detail. Even when looking at the behavior of a liquid, we look in general at the properties of the fluid as a whole through fluid dynamics, rather than paying particular attention to the behavior of the individual particles.   Major Concepts in Physics Because physics covers so much area, it is divided into several specific fields of study, such as electronics, quantum physics, astronomy, and biophysics. Why Is Physics (Or Any Science) Important? Physics includes the study of astronomy, and in many ways, astronomy was humanitys first organized field of science. Ancient peoples looked to the stars and recognized patterns there, then began using mathematical precision to make predictions about what would happen in the heavens based on those patterns. Whatever flaws there were in these specific predictions, the method of trying to understand the unknown was a worthy one. Trying to understand the unknown is still a central problem in human life. Despite all of our advancements in science and technology, being a human being means that you are able to understand some things and also that there are things you do not understand. Science teaches you a methodology for approaching the unknown and asking questions that get to the heart of what is unknown and how to make it known. Physics, in particular, focuses on some of the most fundamental of questions about our physical universe. Pretty much the only more fundamental questions that could be asked fall in the philosophical realm of metaphysics (named for being literally beyond physics), but the problem is that these questions are so fundamental that many of the questions in the metaphysical realm remain unresolved even after centuries or millennia of inquiry by most of historys greatest minds. Physics, on the other hand, has resolved many fundamental issues, even though those resolutions tend to open up whole new types of questions. For more on this subject, check out Why Study Physics? (adapted, with permission, from the book Why Science? by James Trefil).

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Evaluating The Research Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Evaluating The Research Process - Essay Example Thomson Medical carried out a research on childhood obesity focused with the research questions such as; what are the costs of obesity, what are the appropriate treatment patterns, what are the disparities in care and prevalent medical conditions. This study considered the following ethical issues when collecting data; consent, privacy and confidentiality. The facilitator had to obtain consent from parents and guardians by promising them that the names of the children affected was not to be revealed. Thus, the question of privacy and confidentiality was addressed from the parental consent. Obesity is considered as an epidemic in America. A research quoted in the literature review indicates that 16% of U.S children could be obese (Christofell, 2012). Further the study shows that the health problem is more prevalent to children covered by public health insurance for instance Medicaid as compared to those covered by private insurances. According to the findings, children covered by publ ic health insurance are about six times like to be treated with obesity as compared to those covered by private insurance. ... ational cost of childhood obesity is estimated to be approximately $11 billion for children with private insurance and $3 billion for those in Medicaid. In addition children covered by Medicaid are six times more likely to be diagnosed with obesity than those covered by private insurance. Obesity was also found to be a major cause of absents in schools where it was found that obese children are absent for more days than the average weight children. Among the studied population, obese children missed school for 12.2 days on average per year while those of average weight missed for an average of 10 days (Christofell, 2012). Such kind of absenteeism disrupts children learning, causes parents to miss work has accost effect to the school systems. Children diagnosed with obesity are 2 to 3 more likely to be hospitalized and children who receive public insurance are less likely to visit the doctor but they are more likely visit the hospital more often as compared to children with private in surance (Wilkins, 2011). Children treated for obesity is more likely to get a mental health disorders or joint and bone disorders than non-obese children. Treatment for these conditions can contribute to the higher medical costs than average weight children. Other conditions, such as diabetes and heart disease are likely to emerge as these children age, causing medical costs associated with obesity to continue rising. The methodology used involved an analysis examination of the subset of children treated for obesity as recorded in the national database for children with private health insurance and database of children with public insurance. The research focused on children aged 17 years and under who had received diagnosis of obesity as small fraction of the obese children because most